제 5 장 관계대명사(Relative Pronoun) 1. 관계대명사의 종류와 용법 관계대명사는 글과 글을 잇는 접속사의 구실과 대명사의 구실을 겸하는 대명사이다. 관계대명사에는 who, which, that, what 등이 있는데, 선행사가 사람을 가리키는가 사물을 가리키는가에 따라 그 중에서 어느 것을 쓰느냐가 결정된다. {{{{ 종 류 }}{{ 선 행 사 }}{{ 주 격 }}{{ 소 유 격 }}{{ 목 적 격 }}{{ who }}{{ 사 람 }}{{ who }}{{ whose }}{{ whom }}{{ which }}{{ 사람 사물 }}{{ which }}{{ whose, of which }}{{ which }}{{ that }}{{ 사람 동물 사물 }}{{ that }}{{ × }}{{ that }}{{ what }}{{ 사물(선행사 포함) }}{{ what }}{{ × }}{{ what }} }} (1) who, whose, whom의 용법- 선행사가 일반적으로 사람일 경우. who와 whom은 that로 대신 쓸 수 있다. ex) That is the boy. He likes to play tennis. (주격) → That is the boy who(or that) likes to play tennis. The man is my uncle. He is working in the garden. → The man who is working in the garden is my uncle. I know a girl. Her name is Judy. (소유격) → I know a girl whose name is Judy. This is the boy. I met him in the park yesterday. (목적격) → This is the boy whom I met in the park yesterday. (2) which, whose(of which), which의 용법 (주격, 목적격은 that으로 대치 가능) ex) The books are his. They are on the desk. → The books which(or that) are on the desk are his. Look at the book. Its cover is red. (= The cover of it is red) → Look at the book whose cover is red. or Look at the book of which the cover is red. or Look at the book the cover of which is red. This is the book. She gave it to me yesterday. → This is the book which she gave (to) me yesterday. (3) 관계대명사 that만 쓰는 경우 선행사가 [사람+동물], [사람+사물]로 되어 있거나, 선행사 앞에 형용사의 최상급, 서수, the only, the very, the same, the last, all, every, any, no, 의문대명사 등이 올 때 관계대명사 that를 쓴다. that에는 소유격이 없으며, 또 전치사를 그 앞에 쓸 수 없다. ex) Look at the boy and his dog that are running here. She is the prettiest lady that I have ever seen. Jack is the first boy that solved this problem. He is the only poet that I know well. She is the very girl that I wanted to see. This is all the money that he has. There is no man that doesn't love his own country. I use the same books that my sister used. (똑같은 책) cf> I use the same books as my sister used. (같은 종류의 책) Who is the gentleman that is standing over there? (4) what의 용법 관계대명사 what는 선행사를 포함하고 있으며, 해석은 [-하는 것]으로 한다. what에는 소유격이 없다. ex) We love what is true. [what=the thing that(or which)] What he said is true. This is what I don't understand well. 2. 관계대명사의 두 가지 용법 관계대명사 앞에 comma(,)가 있는 경우와 없는 경우 (1) 제한적 용법(한정적 용법) 관계대명사 앞에 comma(,)가 없는 경우로, 해석은 관계대명사 뒷부분을 먼저 한다. ex) He had two sons who became officers. (아들은 둘 이상) (2) 계속적 용법(연속적 용법)- 관계대명사 앞에 comma(,)가 있는 경우. 해석은 앞에서부터 차례대로 한다. ex) He had two sons, who became officers. (아들은 둘뿐) (3) 계속적 용법의 관계대명사는 내용에 따라 관계대명사를 [and, but, for, though + 대명사]로 바꾸어 쓸 수 있다. ex) I visited Mary, who gave me this book. → I visited Mary, and she gave me this book. He went for the book, which was not in the library. → He went for the book, but it was not in the library. I don't like the boy, who tells a lie. → I don't like the boy, for he tells a lie. I don't know the girl, who lives near my house. → I don't know the girl, though she lives near my house. ※ 관계대명사 what와 that에는 계속적 용법이 없다. ex) I cannot understand what he says. (○) I cannot understand, what he says. (×) He has a horse, which runs very fast. (○) He has a horse which runs very fast. (○) He has a horse, that runs very fast. (×) cf) Look at the horse. That runs very fast. (지시대명사) 3. 관계대명사의 주의할 용법 (1) 관계대명사의 생략 제한적 용법에서 관계대명사의 목적격은 생략할 수 있다. 그러나 관계대명사 앞에 전치사가 있는 경우에는 생략할 수 없다. ex) This is the farmer (whom or that) I met in the field. The movie (which or that) I saw yesterday was interesting. ※ [주격 관계대명사 + be동사]가 동시에 생략될 수 있다. ex) The watch (which is) on the table is hers. (형용사구 앞) Look at the boy (who is) sleeping under the tree. (현재분사 앞) This is the only book (that was) written by him. (과거분사 앞) (2) 관계대명사와 전치사 관계대명사가 전치사의 목적어일 때, 전치사를 관계대명사 앞에 두어도 좋고, 전치사를 문장의 맨 뒤에 두어도 좋다. ex) That is the village. He lives in it. → That is the village which he lives in. (관계대명사 생략 가능) = That is the village he lives in. = That is the village in which he lives. (관계대명사 생략 불가능) (3) 복합관계대명사 관계대명사에 -ever가 붙은 형식으로 자체 선행사를 포함하고있으며 명사절과 부사절을 유도한다. ex) Whoever may come here, you must be kind to him. (Whoever = Anyone who) I will give you whatever book you want to read. = I wi

제 5 장 관계대명사(Relative Pronoun)   1. 관계대명사의 종류와 용법 관계대명사는 글과 글을 잇는 접속사의 구실과 대명사의 구실을 겸하는 대명사이다. 관계대명사에는 who, which, that, what 등이 있는데, 선행사가 사람을 가리키는가 사물을 가리키는가에 따라 그 중에서 어느 것을 쓰느냐가 결정된다.   {{{{ 종 류 }}{{ 선 행 사 }}{{ 주 격 }}{{ 소 유 격 }}{{ 목 적 격 }}{{ who }}{{ 사 람 }}{{ who }}{{ whose }}{{ whom }}{{ which }}{{ 사람 사물 }}{{ which }}{{ whose, of which }}{{ which }}{{ that }}{{ 사람 동물 사물 }}{{ that }}{{ × }}{{ that }}{{ what }}{{ 사물(선행사 포함) }}{{ what }}{{ × }}{{ what }} }}   (1) who, whose, whom의 용법- 선행사가 일반적으로 사람일 경우. who와 whom은 that로 대신 쓸 수 있다. ex) That is the boy. He likes to play tennis. (주격) → That is the boy who(or that) likes to play tennis. The man is my uncle. He is working in the garden. → The man who is working in the garden is my uncle. I know a girl. Her name is Judy. (소유격) → I know a girl whose name is Judy. This is the boy. I met him in the park yesterday. (목적격) → This is the boy whom I met in the park yesterday. (2) which, whose(of which), which의 용법  (주격, 목적격은 that으로 대치 가능) ex) The books are his. They are on the desk. → The books which(or that) are on the desk are his. Look at the book. Its cover is red. (= The cover of it is red) → Look at the book whose cover is red. or Look at the book of which the cover is red. or Look at the book the cover of which is red. This is the book. She gave it to me yesterday. → This is the book which she gave (to) me yesterday. (3) 관계대명사 that만 쓰는 경우 선행사가 [사람+동물], [사람+사물]로 되어 있거나, 선행사 앞에 형용사의 최상급, 서수, the only, the very, the same, the last, all, every, any, no, 의문대명사 등이 올 때 관계대명사 that를 쓴다. that에는 소유격이 없으며, 또 전치사를 그 앞에 쓸 수 없다. ex) Look at the boy and his dog that are running here. She is the prettiest lady that I have ever seen. Jack is the first boy that solved this problem. He is the only poet that I know well. She is the very girl that I wanted to see. This is all the money that he has. There is no man that doesn't love his own country. I use the same books that my sister used. (똑같은 책) cf> I use the same books as my sister used. (같은 종류의 책) Who is the gentleman that is standing over there? (4) what의 용법 관계대명사 what는 선행사를 포함하고 있으며, 해석은 [-하는 것]으로 한다. what에는 소유격이 없다. ex) We love what is true. [what=the thing that(or which)] What he said is true. This is what I don't understand well.   2. 관계대명사의 두 가지 용법 관계대명사 앞에 comma(,)가 있는 경우와 없는 경우 (1) 제한적 용법(한정적 용법) 관계대명사 앞에 comma(,)가 없는 경우로, 해석은 관계대명사 뒷부분을 먼저 한다. ex) He had two sons who became officers. (아들은 둘 이상) (2) 계속적 용법(연속적 용법)- 관계대명사 앞에 comma(,)가 있는 경우. 해석은 앞에서부터 차례대로 한다. ex) He had two sons, who became officers. (아들은 둘뿐) (3) 계속적 용법의 관계대명사는 내용에 따라 관계대명사를 [and, but, for, though + 대명사]로 바꾸어 쓸 수 있다. ex) I visited Mary, who gave me this book. → I visited Mary, and she gave me this book. He went for the book, which was not in the library. → He went for the book, but it was not in the library. I don't like the boy, who tells a lie. → I don't like the boy, for he tells a lie. I don't know the girl, who lives near my house. → I don't know the girl, though she lives near my house. ※ 관계대명사 what와 that에는 계속적 용법이 없다. ex) I cannot understand what he says. (○) I cannot understand, what he says. (×) He has a horse, which runs very fast. (○) He has a horse which runs very fast. (○) He has a horse, that runs very fast. (×) cf) Look at the horse. That runs very fast. (지시대명사)   3. 관계대명사의 주의할 용법 (1) 관계대명사의 생략 제한적 용법에서 관계대명사의 목적격은 생략할 수 있다. 그러나 관계대명사 앞에 전치사가 있는 경우에는 생략할 수 없다. ex) This is the farmer (whom or that) I met in the field. The movie (which or that) I saw yesterday was interesting. ※ [주격 관계대명사 + be동사]가 동시에 생략될 수 있다. ex) The watch (which is) on the table is hers. (형용사구 앞) Look at the boy (who is) sleeping under the tree. (현재분사 앞) This is the only book (that was) written by him. (과거분사 앞) (2) 관계대명사와 전치사 관계대명사가 전치사의 목적어일 때, 전치사를 관계대명사 앞에 두어도 좋고, 전치사를 문장의 맨 뒤에 두어도 좋다. ex) That is the village. He lives in it. → That is the village which he lives in. (관계대명사 생략 가능) = That is the village he lives in.  = That is the village in which he lives. (관계대명사 생략 불가능) (3) 복합관계대명사 관계대명사에 -ever가 붙은 형식으로 자체 선행사를 포함하고있으며 명사절과 부사절을 유도한다. ex) Whoever may come here, you must be kind to him. (Whoever = Anyone who) I will give you whatever book you want to read. = I will give you any book that you want to read. (4) 의사관계대명사 접속사 as는 선행사 앞에 such, the same이 있을 때 관계대명사로 쓰인다. ex) This is the same watch as I lost. [같은 종류] This is the same watch that I lost. [동일 물건] Don't read such books as you cannot understand. ■ 선행사에 수식어가 있으면 관계대명사와 선행사가 떨어진다. ex) Do you know the boy with a ball who is standing at the gate? cf. Do you know the boy with a ball which is very new? [End of Relative Pronoun] jjdjukjdenxjunjrnjcfuejnx denxj