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abend abnormal ending
The termination of processing due to a program or system fault.

abort
To terminate a process before completion. Generally used in reference to mainframe program, especially one that has gone awry. In the world of PC's, we are more inclined to exit a program or command with the Escape key.

ABS ABSolute value of n
A programming labguage term used by many spreadsheet and database applications to return the absolute value of a number.

absolute value
The value of a number without regard to its sign; most often used in a spreadsheet or database formula when the result of a calculation that may be positive or negative needs to be converted to a positive number for additional clculation.

abstract
To briefly summarize or compile; the summary or compilation so created

ACC
See accumulator, accuracy control characters

accelerator chip
The main driver of a video card, a chip that speeds the processing of graphics data

access
To call up or activate for use. A computer system may contain a variety of programs and data files, but none are active or ready for use until called up by the operator or a program routine. In addition, the computer may require drivers or system files to access a peripheral, such as a printer or scanner.

access code
The user name or security code required to use a computer, a particular progra, or certain files. Computer files protected by an access code require that the user type in his or her code before the protected fils can be made available.

access time
The interval between a request for data from storage by the computer and the moment when it is available to the user.

accounting check
A routine to acssure that data has been entered and processed accurately.

accumulator, accumlator register
The computer register which sotres the intermediate results of arithmetical and logical operations.

accuracy control chracter
A special character used to siganl that transmitted data is faulty or unsuited to a particular device

acoustic coupler
A device for connecting the computer to a telephone hand set to allow transmission of computer data over the telephone lines when a more direct connection is not available

acronym
A word formed from the first letter or combination of letters of a compound name. For example, COBOL, a programming language, is derived from COmmon Business Oriented Language. See also, BASIC

active document
A document that is currently available to manipulation by the user

activie file
A computer file available to the user or the computer for processing

active matrix
A type of LCD computer screen display that is constantly refreshed by means of trasistors embedded in the screen. Characterized by high contrst and a brilliant image, its weight and heavy power requirements make it less than ideal for portables. see also, passive

active window
In a system that aloows viewing of multiple documents or programs on the screen, the document or window that is currently selected and available to the user

ACU See automatic calling unit

adapter
Any hardware device or software routine that makes disparate hardware or software elements compatible.

adaptive system
A computer program that "learns" by maintaining a record of its activity and revising subsequent actions. An OCR or optical chracter recognition program, for example, may consistently fail to correctly recognize a certain character, once corrections are fed into the program, an adaptive system will adjust its matrix to properly read the character in the future.

ADC See analog to digital converter

add-on
A hardware or software supplement that serves to enhance performance of an existing program or device

add-on card
A removable computer circuit board used to control a peripheral device such as a parallel or serial port, a game port, a scanner, or accelerated video.

address
(1) A number used to identify a specific location in computer storage, also called an absolute address. When data is saved, the address of its location is recorded in the file allocation table so that it can be quickly found when next called up
(2) See relative address.
(3) To call up data from a program or application.

addressing
A program instruction for assigning a memory location to a command or data

addressing capacity
A reference to the memory available for running programs, accessing data, and performing other functions.

ADP See automatic data processing

advanced power management
A feature designed to save power in many newer computers that powers down the screen and, in some cases, the hard drive when input has been suspended for a set interval, such as ten minutes.

Advanced SCSI Programming Interface
A software standard that allows a SCSI controller to communicate with other software.